¿Cuáles son los equipos de iluminación para las artes escénicas?

At present, there are a lot of organs, institutions, community, enterprise and so on all have their own hall, hall, multi-function hall and other places of variety, need to be equipped with some corresponding professional lighting equipment for performing arts, due to a lack of understanding of lighting equipment for performing arts, is how to correctly choose professional lighting equipment for performing arts, and a lot of professional lighting equipment distributors, Professional performing arts lighting equipment is also a little knowledge, can not give correct guidance, leading to the waste of funds.

In order to avoid the above situation, high wave lighting on the basic knowledge of performing arts lighting equipment to do some simple introduction.

(a) What are the common light positions of performing arts lighting

In order to do a good job in the configuration of professional performing arts lighting equipment, we should first understand the common light position of lamps, which is an important link in the correct selection of configuration.

1. Surface light: The light from the front of the audience to the stage, the main role is to illuminate the front of the characters and the whole basic light dyeing.

2. Slap: located on both sides of the platform mouth, slanted to the stage of the light, divided into upper and lower layers, mainly spread surface light, enhance the face lighting, increase the three-dimensional sense of characters and scenery.

3. Column light (also known as side light) : the light projected from both sides of the platform entrance is mainly used for the illumination of the two sides of the characters and scenery to increase the three-dimensional sense and contour sense.

4. Top light: the light thrown to the stage from the top of the stage is divided into one row of top light, two rows of top light and three rows of top light from front to back. It is mainly used for the general lighting of the stage to increase the illumination of the stage.

5. Backlight: the light projected from the stage in the opposite direction (such as the top light, bridge light, etc.) can outline the outline of characters and scenery, enhance the three-dimensional sense and transparency, and can also be used as a specific light source.

6. Bridge light: The light thrown to the stage at the footbridge on both sides of the stage is mainly used for auxiliary column light to enhance the three-dimensional sense. It is also used for other positions where it is inconvenient to project light, and can also be used as a specific light source

7. Foot light: the light projected to the stage from the platform in front of the stage mouth, mainly assisting the surface light to illuminate and eliminate the shadow caused by the face and jaw of the characters illuminated by the surface light and other high positions.

8. Heaven and earth lighting: the light from above and below the sky curtain is mainly used for the illumination and color change of the sky curtain.

9. Flowing light: The flowing light stands on both sides of the stage mainly assist the bridge light and supplement the light on both sides of the stage and other specific light.

10. Light pursuit: The light position needed from the audience or other positions, mainly used to track the performance of the actors or highlight a specific light, and also used for the host, is the close-up pen of the stage art, playing the role of finishing touch.

(2) Common lamps and features of performing arts lighting equipment

1. Spotlight: It is one of the most widely used main lights in stage lighting. It focuses the light, the contour edge of the spot is clear, can highlight a local area, can also amplify the spot lighting an area, as the stage main light source, often used for surface light, slap, side light and other light position.

2. Soft light lamp: the light is gentle and symmetrical, which can highlight a certain part, and there is no hard spot, which is convenient for several lights to connect. It is often used in column light, flow light and other close range light.

3 back light: it is a reflective lamp, which is characterized by hard light quality, high illumination and long range, is a kind of economic and efficient strong light.

4. Astigmatism lamp: The light is diffuse, symmetrical and has a large projection area. It is divided into Tian Pai astigmatism and Di Pai astigmatism.

5. Modeling lamp: The principle is between the tracking lamp and the spotlight, is a special lamp, mainly used for the modeling of figures and scenes.

6. Foot light lamp (also known as strip lamp) : soft light, wide area. Mainly used as a medium, Netscape lighting, cloth color, but also in the position of the auxiliary surface lighting.

7. Light column lamp (also known as downlight) : it is widely used at present, which can be used for lighting characters and scenery. It can also be directly installed on the stage and exposed to the audience to form a lamp array, which can play the dual role of stage decoration and lighting.

8. Projection slide and sky curtain effect lamp: It can form the whole picture on the sky curtain of the stage, and various special effects, such as: wind, rain, thunder, electricity, water, fire, smoke, cloud and so on.

9. Computer lamp: This is a kind of intelligent lamp controlled by DMX512 or RS232 or PMX signal, and its light color, spot and illumination are better than the above conventional lamps. It is a kind of intelligent lamp with rapid development in recent years, and it is often installed in the surface light, top light, back stage step and other positions.

Because of the different power levels, there are differences in the use of the stage. General small power computer lamp, only suitable for ballroom use. On the stage, the light and spot of the small power computer lamp are often diluted by the stage spotlight and back light, so we should pay special attention to the selection.

10. Tracking lamp: It is a stage light fixture, characterized by high brightness and lens imaging, which can present clear spots. By adjusting the focal length, the spot can be changed. There is an active light bar, you can easily change the color, the lamp body can run freely.

At present, there are many varieties in the market, and the way of marking indicators is not the same. The performing arts lighting equipment takes the power as the standard, such as: 1KW tungsten halide light source, 1KW metal halide light source, 2KW metal halide light source, etc., there are also distance based tracking lamps (light intensity and illumination at a specific distance), such as 8-10m tracking lamp, 15-30m tracking lamp, 30-50m tracking lamp, 50-80 tracking lamp, etc., and the function is divided into: Mechanical tracking lamp, its focus, light bar, color change are manually completed.

The other is the computer tracking lamp, its focusing, light bar, color change, adjust the color temperature are automatically completed by pushing and pulling electrical appliances, so in the selection of performing arts lighting equipment must carefully select a variety of indicators.

(3) Performing arts lighting equipment color changer

The design and promotion of performing arts lighting equipment color changer greatly simplifies the number of stage lamps, reduces the labor intensity of lighting workers, and also saves the investment amount. Therefore, it is an indispensable equipment for the current stage configuration. At present, there are mainly two kinds of mechanical color changer and point and color changer on the market.

1. Stage mechanical color changer: Its design is simple and the price is low. It is the mainstream product in the middle of 1980s and 1990s, and it is close to elimination at present.

2. Stage computer color changer: It is a new type of color changer developed in recent years. It adopts the international standard DMX-512 signal output and can be controlled by special control or connected to the computer dimming table.

(4) Control of lighting equipment for performing arts

At present, the market dimmer, mainly analog dimmer and digit dimmer.

1. Analog dimmer: Using analog dimming technology, the output signal is 0-10v one-to-one output. General analog dimmer design is simple, less controller path, dimming curve is poor, but the market price is low, easy to learn to master, for the end of the 1970s to the mid-1990s mainstream products. Common are 3 road, 6 road, 9 road, 12 road, 18 road, 24 road, 60 road, 120 street lamp, each road power is mostly 8KW, but there are also 2KW, 4KW, etc., the number of small roads for the all-in-one machine, the number of roads for the split machine.

2. Digital dimmer: Using sound chip technology, DM512 digital signal. Digital dimming table is easy to use, its dimming function, backup function, grouping function, dimming curve and so on are better than analog dimming table, performance price is reasonable. After understanding the lamp position, lamp characteristics and control equipment and color changer, it can be used according to different characteristics and size.

(5) Lighting equipment for theater performance

There are many kinds of stage in the theater, there are ordinary frame stage, there are extended stage, there are island stage, there are also called black box stage, because the form of the stage is different, so the configuration requirements of the lamps are not the same.

As the common frame stage, this kind of stage whether in the past or now in the reconstruction and new theater are more and more, so the performing arts lighting equipment of this stage is more necessary and necessary.

The stage (refers to the frame stage) will have different requirements for lamps because of the different plays performed, so it must be clear what kind of plays are performed on the stage before the use of performing arts lighting equipment, so that the configuration of lamps and lanterns will have a more clear goal and intention. If some stages are positioned to perform traditional opera or ballet, the configuration of lamps and lanterns must be configured according to the requirements of opera and ballet. For large-scale singing and dancing, acrobatics and other special programs, lighting equipment for performing arts should be configured according to specific program requirements in addition to the basic requirements

Before configuring performing arts lighting equipment, we should first understand the types and main functions and uses of lamps. Here, Gao Lang briefly introduces the performance of some lamps for the selection of lamps configuration.

1. Spotlight: The spotlight used on the stage refers to the use of flat convex condenser in front of the lamp, this lamp can adjust the size of the spot, the light beam is more concentrated, next to the diffuse light is relatively small, the power of 0.5W to 5KW variety, the focal length has long, medium and short points, the distance of sight is selected according to the demand.

2. Ribbed lamp: or soft light lamp, but on TV it is called spotlight. In order to distinguish the above convex spotlight on the stage, the diffuse area is large. Sometimes, in order to control the diffuse light, the title page is added in front of the mirror to pass through. The feature is that the light area is large, unlike the spotlight with obvious spot feeling, the range is relatively close, and the power is 1KW, 2KW and so on.

3. Back lamp: This lamp has no lens in front, and its brightness is brighter than the focus light. It is used when the stage needs to show strong light source and brightness. It is characterized by a strong light beam, but attention should be paid to the focus of the dimming, should not be focused on the color paper or curtain, so easy to cause combustion, in addition to the dimming, the center often appears black heart, in order to avoid black heart, in the center of the front end of the lamp plus a ring baffle, the emitted light spot is large and not easy to close. Now a new reflective bowl coating the line outside transmission, in order to reduce the temperature in front of the lamp, the use of the effect is very good, the name is cold light super spotlight, the actual structure of the lamp is the same as the back light.

4. Lámpara de imagen: o lámpara de moldeo, foco elipsoide. Su ángulo de haz se puede seleccionar y aplicar según las necesidades. La característica principal es que puede cortar el punto de luz en una variedad de formas, como cuadrado, diamante, triángulo o proyectar una variedad de patrones requeridos.

5 downlight: o lámpara PAR, lámpara de haz, su estructura está instalada en la bombilla del espejo del cilindro, la característica principal es la inyección de un haz más fijo, el ancho del ángulo del haz de una variedad de, el tamaño del punto no se puede ajustar.

6. Lámpara de cielo: lámpara de astigmatismo de alta potencia utilizada para iluminar la cortina del cielo de arriba hacia abajo, lo que requiere un área de irradiación brillante y equilibrada, es grande.

7. Lámparas de pie: se utilizan lámparas de astigmatismo de alta potencia para iluminar la superficie del escenario con la parte inferior de la cortina del cielo hacia arriba. Están conectados con la luz de las lámparas del cielo y están uniformemente arriba y abajo.

Artículo 8. Lámpara de astigmatismo: alargada, dividida en múltiples, generalmente se puede dividir en tres o cuatro tipos de color, en cada caso con bombilla incandescente de 200 w, requiere todo tipo de color de los siguientes, para cortina o cortina de luz de área grande Uso, también se puede utilizar para el equilibrio de área grande, difundir el uso de la luz, todo tipo de color de luz también se puede utilizar al mismo tiempo, traer luz de diferentes colores.

9. Lámparas de astigmatismo general: como las lámparas de tungsteno de yodo y los reflectores ordinarios, que se utilizan principalmente para iluminar un área determinada de manera uniforme o algún paisaje.

Las lámparas y faroles presentados anteriormente son equipos de iluminación general para las artes escénicas, pero se deben configurar otros tipos de lámparas y faroles para diferentes formas de obras. Como fiesta de canto y baile, además de las lámparas básicas, una gran cantidad de uso de luces descendentes, luces de computadora, luces de manguera y otros efectos de lámparas, e incluso equipado con humo, máquina de hielo seco, luces estroboscópicas, láser y diapositiva de proyección, además de apoyar el uso de luz para la parte posterior, reducir los puntos de fuente de luz, plástico especial sin costura, etc.